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Behav Ecol Sociobiol 32:1вЂ“9Д¬raig JF (1987) The biology of perch and related fish. Am Nat 121:552вЂ“561Д¬hristensen B, Persson L (1993) Species-specific antipredatory behaviours: effects on prey choice in different habitats. Ecology 67:1180вЂ“1185Д¬erri RD, Fraser DF (1983) Predation and risk in foraging minnows: balancing conflicing demands. Academic Press, New York, pp 280вЂ“352Д¬araco T, Gillspie RG (1986) Risk-sensitivity: foraging mode in an ambush predator. In: Hoar WS, Randall DJ, Brett JR (eds) Fish physiology. Chapman and Hall, New YorkД«rett JR, Groves TDD (1979) Physiological energetics. The behavioural ecology of finding resources. Behaviour 49:227вЂ“267ДЄnderson O (1984) Optimal foraging by largemouth bass in structured environments Ecology 65:851вЂ“861Д«ell WJ (1990) Searching behaviour. These considerations suggest that pike are more efficient piscivores around prey refuges such as the littoral zones of lakes, whereas perch have previously been observed to be more efficient in open areas, such as in the pelagic zones of lakes.ДЄltmann J (1974) Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Growth differences of perch and pike, and mortality differences of prey caused by predation, can be explained by predator morphology, predator attack efficiency and social versus interference behaviour of the predators. Predators decreased in body mass in all treatments, and perch showed a relatively stronger decrease in body mass than pike during the experiment. Prey mortality was higher in the presence of pike than in the presence of perch.

Both size classes of prey showed stronger behavioural responses to pike than to perch with respect to refuge use, distance from refuge and distance to the nearest predator. The largest pike individuals stayed closest to the prey refuge whereas the smallest individuals stayed farthest away from the prey refuge, indicating size-dependent interference among pike. Perch stayed in pairs in the vegetation patches whereas pike remained solitary and occupied the corners of the enclosure. The activity mode of both predator species was stationary. We quantified the behaviour of the predators and the prey simultaneously, and at the end of the experiment the growth of the predators and the mortality and habitat use of the prey were estimated. Each enclosure contained an open predator area with three small vegetation patches, and a vegetated absolute refuge for the prey. Replicated enclosures containing young of the year (0+) and 1-year-old (1+) perch were stocked with 3 differentially sized individuals of either of 2 piscivorous species, perch ( Perca fluviatilis), pike ( Esox lucius) or no piscivorous predators. In a field enclosure experiment, we tested the effects of a prey refuge on predator search mode, predator efficiency and prey behaviour. The unique environmental engine also produces highly detailed, realistic landscapes that allow players to see breathtaking ground support actions.In predator-prey interactions, the efficiency of the predator is dependent on characteristics of both the predator and the prey, as well as the structure of the environment.

Wings of Prey features hundreds of airplanes taking part in air battles. Wings of Prey also boasts an all new damage effects engine as well as advanced environmental visuals enriching the game play. There are six theatres of war to engage in С‚РђРЈ The Battle of Britain, Stalingrad, Ardennes, Berlin, Sicily and Korsun' representing the main airborne battles of World War II in Europe. Players can participate in some of the wars most famous battles piloting fighters, battle planes and bombers across a range of thrilling missions.

Wings of Prey is based around the large-scale aerial combat and ground military operations of World War II. Probably something could have been done to give it a strongest storyline, but if you are a pilot, you have the game that will make your blood boil.' - Eurogamer Italy

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The concessions and compromises to realism are bound to aggravate purists, but it's a small price to pay for the range of flight models you get here.' - IGN 'Flight model is the strongest point of Wings of Prey, even despite its arcade-style single-player campaign.' - Absolute Games 'Wings of Prey is a dog fight simulator as I haven't seen in a long time: fast, undaunted, honest. Critic Reviews 'Wings of Prey would stand out even if the sim field were considerably more crowded.

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